Deliverables

The milestone has been completed. Various concepts for thermal management systems were investigated, with the focus on identifying promising multiphase cooling methods for heat exchanger channels. Two concepts were selected for further investigation: Spray cooling and film cooling. Within spray cooling, evaporative cooling, droplet cooling and spray impingement cooling modes are considered. Currently, the above concepts are being analyzed by numerical simulations to quantify their performance.

A comprehensive qualitative analysis has been conducted to identify sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electrified aircraft applications across components, systems, and on the aircraft level. Detailed tables outlining causes and characteristics of potential EMI emitted by components of electrified aircraft propulsion system, along with their potential interaction with other system within the electrified aircraft has been developed. Furthermore, a comparative study of the drive train components from an EMC perspective have been developed.

Battery sizing tool ready, updated battery data and works with CPACS interface.

The FSMDAO API for unified FlowSimulator plug-in access has been designed as a basis for future implementations required for EXACT-2 high-fidelity MDAO. The API for the required linear operators in CODA has been conceptualized.

Research into socio-economic and technological scenarios has been completed. A scenario workshop was held on 7 March to present the current status (post-EXACT1) and to define common ideas and parameters for scenarios. The results of research were presented and discussed. A global airport-to-airport demand forecast was created; this includes passenger numbers, frequencies and average aircraft sizes on routes, taking capacity on routes, taking into account capacity bottlenecks. Socio- economic scenario definitions have been incorporated here. Fleet concept and fleet production windows were defined. Two different technological scenarios are depicted here, focussing on a) SAF and b) hydrogen.

Initial version of energy carrier cost scenarios. Based on existing literature, various cost scenarios are compiled for the three energy carriers relevant in this project, renewable electricity, liquified hydrogen (LH2) and synthetic sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) derived from Power-to-Liquid processes.  Various costs and scenarios are provided for different world regions, assuming certification criteria for the generation of green hydrogen which are in line with current regulations of the EU.

First test versions of the EXACT2 aircraft models for testing. The Short-Medium-Range concepts from EXACT have been incrementally improved. The Mid- and Long Range concepts and references have been initialized. For the Liqud Hydrogen propelled Mid- and Long Range aircraft, a configuration with fuel tanks in the front and back is introduced. The cockpit is mounted on top of the fuselage to provide sufficient forward visibility.

Overview of the inputs/outputs of all tools available or to be developed are identified, and their interaction within and between the individual HAPs is presented in a XDSM (eXtended Design Structure Matrix) workflow

The interfaces of all project disciplines have been identified and CPACS development requirements have been documented. An EXACT2-specific CPACS version has been initiated.